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PROLETKULT. Artistic organization advocating "pure" proletarian
culture, created exclusively by and for proletarians. The Proletkult's
complete rejection of all pre-Revolutionary culture was criticized by
Lenin in the 1920s. Dissolved in 1932. RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers). While turning away from the Proletkult's complete rejection of all pre-Revolutionary culture, RAPP (founded in 1925) insisted on the importance of class outlook as well as the application of dialectical-materialism in the creative process. Sloganeered for "shock workers in literatrure". Dissolved in 1932. |
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| Solomon Abramovich LOZOVSKY (1878-1952), originally a Menshevik, joined the Bolsheviks in 1917 and became Secretary of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. He was a leading official of the Red International of Labour Unions and a consistent supporter of Stalinist policies. Later he became a Deputy Commissar for Foreign Affairs and head of the Soviet Information Office. One of the few major figures of the 1920s to survive the purges of the 1930s, Lozovaky was arrested and shot in 1974 as part of an anti-semitic campaign. From: http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/trotsky/works/britain/ch10.htm |
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Valeryan Fedorovich PEREVERZEV (1882-1968). Soviet literary
critic who, during the primacy of "sociological" interpretation,
asserted that a work of art is the expression of the psycology of a
particular "class group". The paticularities of the psychoogy of such
groups are determined exclusively by their economic situation and
relations. All characters and "forms" in a work of literature are an
expression of the writer's own sociologically determined character.
When the writer attempts to portray characters from different classes,
he can only "dress up" his own form in different "costumes". All
characters remain, in essence, mere variants of the social character of
the writer himself. The theories of Pereverzev came under critical
attack during special sessions of the Communist Academy in 1929-1930.
They were denouced as "metaphysics" and as pernicioius bourgeois
influence dressed up as Marxism. See: Pospelov, G.N. Razvitiye Teorii Literatury v Moskovskom Universitet, http://www.philol.msu.ru/~tlit/zhm/1ch1.htm and F. Shemyakin Metafizika V.F. Pereverzeva, http://www.ruthenia.ru/sovlit/c/1027624.html |
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Fellow Traveler. Term coined by L. Trotsky (Literature and Revolution,
1925) to refer to Soviet writers who did not oppose the Bolshevik
Revolution, but did not actively support it either. Notable Fellow
Travelers included Osip Mandelshtam, Leonid Leonov, Boris Pilnyak, Isaak
Babel, Ilya Ehrenburg, Evegeny Zamyatin, and Boris Lavrenyov.
Originally nonpejorative in implication, by the end of the 1920s, it was
akin to counterrevolutionary. |
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